What is the meaning of 'mummery'?

The term 'mummery' refers to actions or performances that are often characterized as pretentious, hypocritical, or insincere. In the context of rituals or performances, it suggests a facade or a display that lacks genuine meaning or substance. By choosing this definition, one acknowledges that 'mummery' implies an element of deception or superficiality, particularly in the context of religious or ceremonial acts.

Understanding the connotation of 'mummery' sheds light on how it is often used to criticize rituals that appear elaborate on the surface but do not hold true sincerity or depth. This makes it clear that the other options, which suggest sincerity or genuine expression in rituals, do not align with the meaning of 'mummery' as it is commonly understood.