Which of the following describes 'tempestuous'?

The term 'tempestuous' is used to describe something that is turbulent and stormy, both in a literal and metaphorical sense. It often refers to situations or emotions that are volatile, chaotic, or marked by intense conflict and turmoil. In the context of literature, 'tempestuous' can vividly depict characters who are experiencing extreme emotional upheaval or events that are fraught with tension and unpredictability. This aligns perfectly with the correct answer, as it captures the essence of the term in describing conditions that are anything but calm or steady. The other options present contrasting traits that do not reflect the nature of 'tempestuous' and therefore are not suitable descriptions.